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Simultaneous Source Number Detection and DOA Estimation Using Deep Neural Network and K2-Means Clustering with Prior Knowledge

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Vydáno v:Electronics vol. 14, no. 4 (2025), p. 713
Hlavní autor: Liu, Aifei
Další autoři: Zhou, Yuan, Li, Zi, Xie, Yuxuan, Cao Zeng, Liu, Zhiling
Vydáno:
MDPI AG
Témata:
Simulation
Signal processing
Clustering
Artificial neural networks
Sensors
Neural networks
Signal classification
Classification
Sensor arrays
Unmanned aerial vehicles
Methods
Algorithms
Direction of arrival
Localization
Eigenvectors
Vectors (mathematics)
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Abstrakt:Source number detection and Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation are usually addressed in two stages, leading to high computational load. This paper proposes a simple solution to efficiently estimate the source number and DOAs using deep neural network (DNN) and clustering, named DNN-C. By observing that sources in space are usually few, DNN-C uses a simple fully connected DNN to obtain a spatial spectrum. Then, the K2-means clustering is specially designed to extract the source information from the obtained spatial spectrum. In particular, to enable the proposed DNN-C with the ability to detect the mixed sources, we first develop a new strategy for training data generation, and provide a guideline for data balance setting. We then explore the prior knowledge of array signal processing and spatial spectrum to obtain a peak vector and propose to add a virtual peak into the peak vector, and thus transform the task of source detection as a binary clustering problem of noise and sources. Overall, DNN-C provides a lightweight solution to implement source number detection and DOA estimation simultaneously and efficiently. Its testing time is about 2 times less than the classical solution (i.e., minimum descriptive length and multiple signal classification, shortened as MDL-MUSIC) when the grid step is 1° Importantly, it is robust to nonuniform noise by nature and can identify the absence of sources. The effectiveness of DNN-C is verified by simulation results. Furthermore, the DNN-C model trained by simulated data shows its generalization to real data measured by a circular array of eight sensors.
ISSN:2079-9292
DOI:10.3390/electronics14040713
Zdroj:Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database