MARC

LEADER 00000nab a2200000uu 4500
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022 |a 2227-9040 
024 7 |a 10.3390/chemosensors13050161  |2 doi 
035 |a 3211927083 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 231440  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Ramkumar, Vanaraj  |u Department of Molecular Analytics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; ramkumar@yu.ac.kr 
245 1 |a A Systematic Review of the Applications of Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue in Food Quality Assessment and Safety 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Food quality assessment is a critical aspect of food production and safety, ensuring that products meet both regulatory and consumer standards. Traditional methods such as sensory evaluation, chromatography, and spectrophotometry are widely used but often suffer from limitations, including subjectivity, high costs, and time-consuming procedures. In recent years, the development of electronic nose (e-nose) and electronic tongue (e-tongue) technologies has provided rapid, objective, and reliable alternatives for food quality monitoring. These bio-inspired sensing systems mimic human olfactory and gustatory functions through sensor arrays and advanced data processing techniques, including artificial intelligence and pattern recognition algorithms. The e-nose is primarily used for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in food, making it effective for freshness evaluation, spoilage detection, aroma profiling, and adulteration identification. Meanwhile, the e-tongue analyzes liquid-phase components and is widely applied in taste assessment, beverage authentication, fermentation monitoring, and contaminant detection. Both technologies are extensively used in the quality control of dairy products, meat, seafood, fruits, beverages, and processed foods. Their ability to provide real-time, non-destructive, and high-throughput analysis makes them valuable tools in the food industry. This review explores the principles, advantages, and applications of e-nose and e-tongue systems in food quality assessment. Additionally, it discusses emerging trends, including IoT-based smart sensing, advances in nanotechnology, and AI-driven data analysis, which are expected to further enhance their efficiency and accuracy. With continuous innovation, these technologies are poised to revolutionize food safety and quality control, ensuring consumer satisfaction and compliance with global standards. 
653 |a Beverages 
653 |a Food products 
653 |a Nondestructive testing 
653 |a Signal processing 
653 |a Food quality 
653 |a Contaminants 
653 |a Dairy products 
653 |a Scientific imaging 
653 |a Volatile organic compounds--VOCs 
653 |a Chromatography 
653 |a Pattern recognition 
653 |a Technology 
653 |a Seafood 
653 |a Electronic tongues 
653 |a Fermentation 
653 |a Food industry 
653 |a Data analysis 
653 |a Spoilage 
653 |a Quality control 
653 |a Electronic noses 
653 |a Algorithms 
653 |a Real time 
653 |a Liquid phases 
653 |a Food safety 
653 |a Sensory evaluation 
653 |a Artificial intelligence 
653 |a Data processing 
653 |a Food contamination & poisoning 
653 |a Standards 
653 |a Pattern recognition systems 
653 |a Nanotechnology 
653 |a Aroma 
653 |a Automation 
653 |a Food processing 
653 |a Monitoring 
653 |a Machine learning 
653 |a Mass spectrometry 
653 |a Quality assessment 
653 |a Spectrophotometry 
653 |a Odors 
653 |a Sensors 
653 |a Process controls 
653 |a Sensory perception 
653 |a Sensor arrays 
653 |a Coffee industry 
653 |a Microbiota 
653 |a Enzymes 
700 1 |a Bincy, I P  |u Advanced Materials Laboratory, Research Department of Physics, MES KeVeeYam College, Valanchery, Malappuram 676552, Kerala, India; bincy.i.p@gmail.com 
700 1 |a Mayakrishnan Gopiraman  |u Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Institute for Fiber Engineering and Science (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan; gopiraman@shinshu-u.ac.jp (G.M.); kim@shinshu-u.ac.jp (I.S.K.) 
700 1 |a Kim Ick Soo  |u Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Institute for Fiber Engineering and Science (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan; gopiraman@shinshu-u.ac.jp (G.M.); kim@shinshu-u.ac.jp (I.S.K.) 
700 1 |a Seong-Cheol, Kim  |u School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea 
773 0 |t Chemosensors  |g vol. 13, no. 5 (2025), p. 161 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Materials Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3211927083/abstract/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3211927083/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3211927083/fulltextPDF/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch