Do Waterborne Nanoplastics Affect the Shore Crab Carcinus maenas? A Case Study with Poly(methyl)methacrylate Particles

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:	Environments vol. 12, no. 5 (2025), p. 169
Autor principal:	Neves Beatriz
Otros Autores:	Oliveira, Miguel, Frazão Carolina, Almeida Mónica, Pinto Ricardo J. B., Figueira Etelvina, Pires Adília
Publicado:	MDPI AG
Materias:	South Korea Hepatopancreas Field tests Crustaceans Behavior Shellfish Glutathione Detoxification Polymethylmethacrylate Sediments Carbonyls Lipid peroxidation Damage Gills Habitats Superoxide dismutase Proteins Marine organisms Bioavailability Peroxidation Hemolymph Exposure Environmental impact Acetylcholinesterase Lipids Polymethyl methacrylate Salinity Plastic pollution Open-field behavior Carcinus maenas
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Descripción
Resumen:	Nanoplastics (NPs) pose a significant environmental threat due to their small sizes, widespread distribution, and bioavailability, enabling interactions with marine organisms from pelagic to benthic species. In this study, the effects of 10 days of exposure to waterborne poly(methyl)methacrylate (PMMA) NPs were evaluated in the crab Carcinus maenas by assessing behavioral and biochemical endpoints (in gills, hepatopancreas, muscle, and hemolymph). Behavioral assessments using an open field test revealed that exposure to PMMA NPs resulted in an increase in distance walked (from 73.662 ± 17.137 cm in control to 248.560 ± 25.462 cm in the highest PMMA NPs concentration) and in random movement patterns. Muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity decreased from 10.83 ± 0.73 to 6.75 ± 0.45 nmol/min/mg of protein with PMMA NPs concentration increase, which, combined with behavioral responses, suggests neurological incapacities. In the gills and hepatopancreas, defense and detoxification mechanisms were activated, with a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (at 20 µg/L in gills and 80 µg/L in hepatopancreas) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity (all PMMA NPs concentrations in gills and 20 and 320 µg/L in hepatopancreas). Despite these activations, oxidative damage was observed, with a significant increase in protein carbonylation (PC) levels (20, 80, and 320 µg/L in gills and 5, 20, and 80 µg/L in hepatopancreas) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) (80 and 320 µg/L in gills and 80 µg/L in hepatopancreas). Effects on hemolymph followed a pattern similar to those reported for gills and hepatopancreas. An increase in SOD hemolymph activity was observed in organisms exposed to 5 and 80 µg/L, and GSTs activity increased in crabs exposed to 80 µg/L. Oxidative damage in hemolymph was only detected through LPO at 5 and 320 µg/L. Overall, this study showed that PMMA NPs induce biochemical alterations and damage in different tissues of C. maenas and affect its behavior with potential impacts at a population level.
ISSN:	2076-3298
DOI:	10.3390/environments12050169
Fuente:	Publicly Available Content Database