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Simulation-Based Assessment of Evacuation Efficiency in Sports Stadiums: Insights from Case Studies

Guardat en:
Publicat a:Fire vol. 8, no. 6 (2025), p. 210-233
Autor principal: Yang Chieh-Hsiung
Altres autors: Ching-Yuan, Lin, Tzu-Wen, Kuo
Publicat:
MDPI AG
Matèries:
United Kingdom > UK
Taiwan
Software
Casualties
Verification
Case studies
Evacuations & rescues
Safety engineering
Computer simulation
Architecture
Design
Fire prevention
Performance evaluation
Efficiency
Design techniques
Buildings
Construction
Emergency preparedness
Planning
Spectators
Methods
Safety
Safety standards
Evacuation routing
Sports facilities
Evacuation
Stadiums
Social
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Resum:Architectural design seeks to address many challenges, one of which is creating buildings that can quickly and safely evacuate people. Therefore, it is even more important to pay attention to the safety of personnel evacuation. Past disasters have shown that the number of casualties in large sports stadiums can be as severe as those caused by plane crashes. This study uses a case study approach to analyze the evacuation of spectators in a 40,000-seat stadium, comparing the practical application of three performance verification methods. The results indicate that Simulex’s visual dynamic simulation effectively reflects how walking speeds decrease in crowded conditions and how bottlenecks form along evacuation routes. People tend to gather at corners, leading to congestion and uneven distribution of evacuees, with several escape staircases being underutilized. The Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds is suitable for the early planning stages of architectural design, while the “Verification Guideline of Buildings Evacuation Safety Performance-based Design” is better suited for the detailed design phase to ensure compliance with the safety standard of evacuating spectators within 8 min. Compared to planning and designing based solely on regulations or empirical verification formulas, using visualization software allows for effective adjustments to evacuation routes before finalizing the design, balancing crowd flow across all safety exits and improving evacuation efficiency during the operational phase.
ISSN:2571-6255
DOI:10.3390/fire8060210
Font:Agriculture Science Database