Simulation-Based Assessment of Evacuation Efficiency in Sports Stadiums: Insights from Case Studies

-д хадгалсан:
Номзүйн дэлгэрэнгүй
-д хэвлэсэн:Fire vol. 8, no. 6 (2025), p. 210-233
Үндсэн зохиолч: Yang Chieh-Hsiung
Бусад зохиолчид: Ching-Yuan, Lin, Tzu-Wen, Kuo
Хэвлэсэн:
MDPI AG
Нөхцлүүд:
Онлайн хандалт:Citation/Abstract
Full Text + Graphics
Full Text - PDF
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MARC

LEADER 00000nab a2200000uu 4500
001 3223905918
003 UK-CbPIL
022 |a 2571-6255 
024 7 |a 10.3390/fire8060210  |2 doi 
035 |a 3223905918 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
100 1 |a Yang Chieh-Hsiung  |u Department of Architecture, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; linyuan@mail.ntust.edu.tw 
245 1 |a Simulation-Based Assessment of Evacuation Efficiency in Sports Stadiums: Insights from Case Studies 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Architectural design seeks to address many challenges, one of which is creating buildings that can quickly and safely evacuate people. Therefore, it is even more important to pay attention to the safety of personnel evacuation. Past disasters have shown that the number of casualties in large sports stadiums can be as severe as those caused by plane crashes. This study uses a case study approach to analyze the evacuation of spectators in a 40,000-seat stadium, comparing the practical application of three performance verification methods. The results indicate that Simulex’s visual dynamic simulation effectively reflects how walking speeds decrease in crowded conditions and how bottlenecks form along evacuation routes. People tend to gather at corners, leading to congestion and uneven distribution of evacuees, with several escape staircases being underutilized. The Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds is suitable for the early planning stages of architectural design, while the “Verification Guideline of Buildings Evacuation Safety Performance-based Design” is better suited for the detailed design phase to ensure compliance with the safety standard of evacuating spectators within 8 min. Compared to planning and designing based solely on regulations or empirical verification formulas, using visualization software allows for effective adjustments to evacuation routes before finalizing the design, balancing crowd flow across all safety exits and improving evacuation efficiency during the operational phase. 
651 4 |a United Kingdom--UK 
651 4 |a Taiwan 
653 |a Software 
653 |a Casualties 
653 |a Verification 
653 |a Case studies 
653 |a Evacuations & rescues 
653 |a Safety engineering 
653 |a Computer simulation 
653 |a Architecture 
653 |a Design 
653 |a Fire prevention 
653 |a Performance evaluation 
653 |a Efficiency 
653 |a Design techniques 
653 |a Buildings 
653 |a Construction 
653 |a Emergency preparedness 
653 |a Planning 
653 |a Spectators 
653 |a Methods 
653 |a Safety 
653 |a Safety standards 
653 |a Evacuation routing 
653 |a Sports facilities 
653 |a Evacuation 
653 |a Stadiums 
653 |a Social 
700 1 |a Ching-Yuan, Lin  |u Department of Architecture, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan; linyuan@mail.ntust.edu.tw 
700 1 |a Tzu-Wen, Kuo  |u Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan 
773 0 |t Fire  |g vol. 8, no. 6 (2025), p. 210-233 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Agriculture Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3223905918/abstract/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3223905918/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3223905918/fulltextPDF/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch