Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach

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Gepubliceerd in:Sensors vol. 25, no. 13 (2025), p. 3861-3888
Hoofdauteur: Zhao, Shuang
Andere auteurs: Zhang, Qinghai, Zhao Qingjian, Zhang, Xiaoqian, Guo, Yang, Lu Shilei, Song, Liqiang, Zhao Zhengxu
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100 1 |a Zhao, Shuang  |u Shandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; zhangqinghai@qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhaoqingjian@stu.qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhangxiaoqian@stu.qut.edu.cn (X.Z.); guoyang@qut.edu.cn (Y.G.); lushilei@qut.edu.cn (S.L.); zhaozhengxu@qut.edu.cn (Z.Z.) 
245 1 |a Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) field, the diversity of devices and protocols leads to interconnection challenges. Conventional Modbus Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) gateways suffer from high overhead and latency of the TCP protocol stack. To enhance real-time communication while ensuring reliability, this study applies Markov chain theory to analyze User Datagram Protocol (UDP) transmission characteristics. An Advanced UDP (AUDP) protocol is proposed by integrating a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) check mechanism, retransmission mechanism, Transaction ID matching mechanism, and exponential backoff mechanism at the UDP application layer. Based on AUDP, a Modbus AUDP-RTU gateway is designed with a lightweight architecture to achieve bidirectional conversion between Modbus AUDP and Modbus RTU. Experimental validation and Markov chain-based modeling demonstrate that the proposed gateway significantly reduces communication latency compared to Modbus TCP-RTU and exhibits higher reliability than Modbus UDP-RTU. 
653 |a Distributed control systems 
653 |a Software 
653 |a Control algorithms 
653 |a Interoperability 
653 |a Automation 
653 |a Ethernet 
653 |a Protocol 
653 |a Communication 
653 |a Data transmission 
653 |a Internet of Things 
653 |a Product design 
653 |a Sensors 
653 |a Markov analysis 
700 1 |a Zhang, Qinghai  |u Shandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; zhangqinghai@qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhaoqingjian@stu.qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhangxiaoqian@stu.qut.edu.cn (X.Z.); guoyang@qut.edu.cn (Y.G.); lushilei@qut.edu.cn (S.L.); zhaozhengxu@qut.edu.cn (Z.Z.) 
700 1 |a Zhao Qingjian  |u Shandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; zhangqinghai@qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhaoqingjian@stu.qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhangxiaoqian@stu.qut.edu.cn (X.Z.); guoyang@qut.edu.cn (Y.G.); lushilei@qut.edu.cn (S.L.); zhaozhengxu@qut.edu.cn (Z.Z.) 
700 1 |a Zhang, Xiaoqian  |u Shandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; zhangqinghai@qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhaoqingjian@stu.qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhangxiaoqian@stu.qut.edu.cn (X.Z.); guoyang@qut.edu.cn (Y.G.); lushilei@qut.edu.cn (S.L.); zhaozhengxu@qut.edu.cn (Z.Z.) 
700 1 |a Guo, Yang  |u Shandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; zhangqinghai@qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhaoqingjian@stu.qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhangxiaoqian@stu.qut.edu.cn (X.Z.); guoyang@qut.edu.cn (Y.G.); lushilei@qut.edu.cn (S.L.); zhaozhengxu@qut.edu.cn (Z.Z.) 
700 1 |a Lu Shilei  |u Shandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; zhangqinghai@qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhaoqingjian@stu.qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhangxiaoqian@stu.qut.edu.cn (X.Z.); guoyang@qut.edu.cn (Y.G.); lushilei@qut.edu.cn (S.L.); zhaozhengxu@qut.edu.cn (Z.Z.) 
700 1 |a Song, Liqiang  |u National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; lqsong@bao.ac.cn 
700 1 |a Zhao Zhengxu  |u Shandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China; zhangqinghai@qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhaoqingjian@stu.qut.edu.cn (Q.Z.); zhangxiaoqian@stu.qut.edu.cn (X.Z.); guoyang@qut.edu.cn (Y.G.); lushilei@qut.edu.cn (S.L.); zhaozhengxu@qut.edu.cn (Z.Z.) 
773 0 |t Sensors  |g vol. 25, no. 13 (2025), p. 3861-3888 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Health & Medical Collection 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3229157905/abstract/embedded/H09TXR3UUZB2ISDL?source=fedsrch 
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