Global Environmental Geochemistry and Molecular Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soils and Groundwater from Abandoned Smelting Sites: Analysis of the Contamination Dynamics and Remediation Alternatives in Karst Settings
Sábháilte in:
| Foilsithe in: | Toxics vol. 13, no. 7 (2025), p. 608-632 |
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| Príomhchruthaitheoir: | |
| Rannpháirtithe: | , , , , , , |
| Foilsithe / Cruthaithe: |
MDPI AG
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| Ábhair: | |
| Rochtain ar líne: | Citation/Abstract Full Text + Graphics Full Text - PDF |
| Clibeanna: |
Níl clibeanna ann, Bí ar an gcéad duine le clib a chur leis an taifead seo!
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MARC
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| 045 | 2 | |b d20250101 |b d20251231 | |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Xu, Hang |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) | |
| 245 | 1 | |a Global Environmental Geochemistry and Molecular Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soils and Groundwater from Abandoned Smelting Sites: Analysis of the Contamination Dynamics and Remediation Alternatives in Karst Settings | |
| 260 | |b MDPI AG |c 2025 | ||
| 513 | |a Journal Article | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a Abandoned smelting sites in karst terrain pose a serious environmental problem due to the complex relationship between specific hydrogeological elements and heavy metal contamination. This review combines work from across the globe to consider how karst-specific features (i.e., rapid underground drainage, high permeability, and carbonate mineralogy) influence the mobility, speciation, and bioavailability of “metallic” pollutants, such as Pb, Cd, Zn, and As. In some areas, such as Guizhou (China), the Cd content in the surface soil is as high as 23.36 mg/kg, indicating a regional risk. Molecular-scale analysis, such as synchrotron-based XAS, can elucidate the speciation forms that underlie toxicity and remediation potential. Additionally, we emphasize discrepancies between karst in Asia, Europe, and North America and synthesize cross-regional contamination events. The risk evaluation is complicated, particularly when dynamic flow systems and spatial heterogeneity are permanent, and deep models like DI-NCPI are required as a matter of course. The remediation is still dependent on the site; however, some technologies, such as phytoremediation, biosorption, and bioremediation, are promising if suitable geochemical and microbial conditions are present. This review presents a framework for integrating molecular data and hydrogeological concepts to inform the management of risk and sustainable remediation of legacy metal pollution in karst. | |
| 653 | |a Geology | ||
| 653 | |a Groundwater flow | ||
| 653 | |a Contamination | ||
| 653 | |a Cadmium | ||
| 653 | |a Environmental impact | ||
| 653 | |a Speciation | ||
| 653 | |a Bioremediation | ||
| 653 | |a Heterogeneity | ||
| 653 | |a Bioavailability | ||
| 653 | |a Microorganisms | ||
| 653 | |a Hydrogeology | ||
| 653 | |a Mineralogy | ||
| 653 | |a Geochemistry | ||
| 653 | |a Risk management | ||
| 653 | |a Heavy metals | ||
| 653 | |a Phytoremediation | ||
| 653 | |a Metallurgy | ||
| 653 | |a Smelting | ||
| 653 | |a Pollutants | ||
| 653 | |a Karst | ||
| 653 | |a Toxicity | ||
| 653 | |a Biosorption | ||
| 653 | |a Hydrology | ||
| 653 | |a Groundwater pollution | ||
| 653 | |a Aquifers | ||
| 653 | |a Risk assessment | ||
| 653 | |a Oxidation | ||
| 653 | |a Spatial heterogeneity | ||
| 653 | |a Groundwater | ||
| 653 | |a Flow system | ||
| 653 | |a Sustainable remediation | ||
| 653 | |a Soil surfaces | ||
| 653 | |a Environmental | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Han, Qiao |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Muhammad, Adnan |u State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li Mengfei |u Henan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450046, China; mengfeili927@outlook.com | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Mingshi |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang Mingya |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jiang Fengcheng |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Feng Xixi |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) | |
| 773 | 0 | |t Toxics |g vol. 13, no. 7 (2025), p. 608-632 | |
| 786 | 0 | |d ProQuest |t Biological Science Database | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |3 Citation/Abstract |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233261602/abstract/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text + Graphics |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233261602/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text - PDF |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233261602/fulltextPDF/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch |