Global Environmental Geochemistry and Molecular Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soils and Groundwater from Abandoned Smelting Sites: Analysis of the Contamination Dynamics and Remediation Alternatives in Karst Settings

Sábháilte in:
Sonraí bibleagrafaíochta
Foilsithe in:Toxics vol. 13, no. 7 (2025), p. 608-632
Príomhchruthaitheoir: Xu, Hang
Rannpháirtithe: Han, Qiao, Muhammad, Adnan, Li Mengfei, Wang, Mingshi, Wang Mingya, Jiang Fengcheng, Feng Xixi
Foilsithe / Cruthaithe:
MDPI AG
Ábhair:
Rochtain ar líne:Citation/Abstract
Full Text + Graphics
Full Text - PDF
Clibeanna: Cuir clib leis
Níl clibeanna ann, Bí ar an gcéad duine le clib a chur leis an taifead seo!

MARC

LEADER 00000nab a2200000uu 4500
001 3233261602
003 UK-CbPIL
022 |a 2305-6304 
024 7 |a 10.3390/toxics13070608  |2 doi 
035 |a 3233261602 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 231644  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Xu, Hang  |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) 
245 1 |a Global Environmental Geochemistry and Molecular Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soils and Groundwater from Abandoned Smelting Sites: Analysis of the Contamination Dynamics and Remediation Alternatives in Karst Settings 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Abandoned smelting sites in karst terrain pose a serious environmental problem due to the complex relationship between specific hydrogeological elements and heavy metal contamination. This review combines work from across the globe to consider how karst-specific features (i.e., rapid underground drainage, high permeability, and carbonate mineralogy) influence the mobility, speciation, and bioavailability of “metallic” pollutants, such as Pb, Cd, Zn, and As. In some areas, such as Guizhou (China), the Cd content in the surface soil is as high as 23.36 mg/kg, indicating a regional risk. Molecular-scale analysis, such as synchrotron-based XAS, can elucidate the speciation forms that underlie toxicity and remediation potential. Additionally, we emphasize discrepancies between karst in Asia, Europe, and North America and synthesize cross-regional contamination events. The risk evaluation is complicated, particularly when dynamic flow systems and spatial heterogeneity are permanent, and deep models like DI-NCPI are required as a matter of course. The remediation is still dependent on the site; however, some technologies, such as phytoremediation, biosorption, and bioremediation, are promising if suitable geochemical and microbial conditions are present. This review presents a framework for integrating molecular data and hydrogeological concepts to inform the management of risk and sustainable remediation of legacy metal pollution in karst. 
653 |a Geology 
653 |a Groundwater flow 
653 |a Contamination 
653 |a Cadmium 
653 |a Environmental impact 
653 |a Speciation 
653 |a Bioremediation 
653 |a Heterogeneity 
653 |a Bioavailability 
653 |a Microorganisms 
653 |a Hydrogeology 
653 |a Mineralogy 
653 |a Geochemistry 
653 |a Risk management 
653 |a Heavy metals 
653 |a Phytoremediation 
653 |a Metallurgy 
653 |a Smelting 
653 |a Pollutants 
653 |a Karst 
653 |a Toxicity 
653 |a Biosorption 
653 |a Hydrology 
653 |a Groundwater pollution 
653 |a Aquifers 
653 |a Risk assessment 
653 |a Oxidation 
653 |a Spatial heterogeneity 
653 |a Groundwater 
653 |a Flow system 
653 |a Sustainable remediation 
653 |a Soil surfaces 
653 |a Environmental 
700 1 |a Han, Qiao  |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) 
700 1 |a Muhammad, Adnan  |u State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China 
700 1 |a Li Mengfei  |u Henan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450046, China; mengfeili927@outlook.com 
700 1 |a Wang, Mingshi  |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) 
700 1 |a Wang Mingya  |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) 
700 1 |a Jiang Fengcheng  |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) 
700 1 |a Feng Xixi  |u College of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China; xuhang689@126.com (H.X.); mingshiwang@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); wangmy@hpu.edu.cn (M.W.); fc.jiang@hpu.edu.cn (F.J.); 10460230793@hpu.edu.cn (X.F.) 
773 0 |t Toxics  |g vol. 13, no. 7 (2025), p. 608-632 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Biological Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233261602/abstract/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233261602/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233261602/fulltextPDF/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch