Structural Analysis of Joints Made of Titanium Alloy TI-6AL-4V and Stainless Steel AISI 321 with Developed Conical Contact Surfaces Obtained by Diffusion Welding

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Publicado en:Materials vol. 18, no. 15 (2025), p. 3596-3615
Autor principal: Karpovych Olena
Otros Autores: Karpovych Ivan, Fedosov Oleksii, Zhumar Denys, Karakash Yevhen, Rimar Miroslav, Kizek Jan, Fedak Marcel
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MDPI AG
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024 7 |a 10.3390/ma18153596  |2 doi 
035 |a 3239073741 
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100 1 |a Karpovych Olena  |u Department of Rocket and Space and Innovative Technologies, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Nauky Ave., 72, 49005 Dnipro, Ukraine; kelvladmail@gmail.com (O.K.); ivkarp70@gmail.com (I.K.); zhumar82@gmail.com (D.Z.) 
245 1 |a Structural Analysis of Joints Made of Titanium Alloy TI-6AL-4V and Stainless Steel AISI 321 with Developed Conical Contact Surfaces Obtained by Diffusion Welding 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a The object of this study is welded joints of AISI 321 and Ti-6Al-4V, obtained by diffusion welding on developed conical surfaces. The problem of creating bimetallic joints of AISI 321 and Ti-6Al-4V with developed conical contact surfaces, using diffusion welding through an intermediate Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper (Cu-ETP) copper layer, was solved. The joints were studied using micro-X-ray spectral analysis, microstructural analysis, and mechanical tests. High mutual diffusion of copper and titanium, along with increased concentrations of Cr and V in copper, was detected. The shear strength of the obtained welded joints is 250 MPa and 235 MPa at 30 min and 15 min, respectively, which is higher than the copper layer’s strength (180 MPa). The obtained results are explained by the dislocation diffusion mechanism in the volume of grains and beyond, due to thermal deformations during welding. Under operating conditions of internal pressure and cryogenic temperatures, the strength of the connection is ensured by the entire two-layer structure, and tightness is ensured by a vacuum-tight diffusion connection. The obtained strength of the connection (250 MPa) is sufficient under the specified operating conditions. Analysis of existing solutions in the literature review indicates that industrial application of technology for manufacturing bimetallic adapters from AISI 321 stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is limited to butt joints with small geometric dimensions. Studies of the transition zone structure and diffusion processes in bimetallic joints with developed conical contact surfaces enabled determination of factors affecting joint structure and diffusion coefficients. The obtained bimetallic adapters, made of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and AISI 321 stainless steel, can be used to connect titanium high-pressure vessels with stainless steel pipelines. 
653 |a Metals 
653 |a Mechanical properties 
653 |a Microstructural analysis 
653 |a Tightness 
653 |a Pressure vessels 
653 |a Bimetals 
653 |a Spectrum analysis 
653 |a Copper 
653 |a Intermetallic compounds 
653 |a Structural analysis 
653 |a Diffusion welding 
653 |a Adapters 
653 |a Diffusion coefficient 
653 |a Literature reviews 
653 |a Titanium base alloys 
653 |a Internal pressure 
653 |a Steel pipes 
653 |a Titanium alloys 
653 |a Oxidation 
653 |a Shear strength 
653 |a X ray spectra 
653 |a Industrial applications 
653 |a Diffusion layers 
653 |a Welded joints 
653 |a Mechanical tests 
653 |a Stainless steel 
653 |a Methods 
653 |a Butt joints 
653 |a Conical bodies 
653 |a Austenitic stainless steels 
653 |a Friction welding 
700 1 |a Karpovych Ivan  |u Department of Rocket and Space and Innovative Technologies, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Nauky Ave., 72, 49005 Dnipro, Ukraine; kelvladmail@gmail.com (O.K.); ivkarp70@gmail.com (I.K.); zhumar82@gmail.com (D.Z.) 
700 1 |a Fedosov Oleksii  |u Department of Technology of Aircraft Manufacturing, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Nauky Ave., 72, 49005 Dnipro, Ukraine; fedosov.fav@gmail.com 
700 1 |a Zhumar Denys  |u Department of Rocket and Space and Innovative Technologies, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Nauky Ave., 72, 49005 Dnipro, Ukraine; kelvladmail@gmail.com (O.K.); ivkarp70@gmail.com (I.K.); zhumar82@gmail.com (D.Z.) 
700 1 |a Karakash Yevhen  |u Industrial and Business Technologies, Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Lazaryana Street 2, 49010 Dnipro, Ukraine; yevgenkarakash@gmail.com 
700 1 |a Rimar Miroslav  |u Department of Process Technique, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Technical University of Kosice, Bayerova 1, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia; miroslav.rimar@tuke.sk (M.R.); marcel.fedak@tuke.sk (M.F.) 
700 1 |a Kizek Jan  |u Department of Process Technique, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Technical University of Kosice, Bayerova 1, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia; miroslav.rimar@tuke.sk (M.R.); marcel.fedak@tuke.sk (M.F.) 
700 1 |a Fedak Marcel  |u Department of Process Technique, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Technical University of Kosice, Bayerova 1, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia; miroslav.rimar@tuke.sk (M.R.); marcel.fedak@tuke.sk (M.F.) 
773 0 |t Materials  |g vol. 18, no. 15 (2025), p. 3596-3615 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Materials Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3239073741/abstract/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3239073741/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3239073741/fulltextPDF/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch