Structural Analysis of Joints Made of Titanium Alloy TI-6AL-4V and Stainless Steel AISI 321 with Developed Conical Contact Surfaces Obtained by Diffusion Welding

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Бібліографічні деталі
Опубліковано в::	Materials vol. 18, no. 15 (2025), p. 3596-3615
Автор:	Karpovych Olena
Інші автори:	Karpovych Ivan, Fedosov Oleksii, Zhumar Denys, Karakash Yevhen, Rimar Miroslav, Kizek Jan, Fedak Marcel
Опубліковано:	MDPI AG
Предмети:	Metals Mechanical properties Microstructural analysis Tightness Pressure vessels Bimetals Spectrum analysis Copper Intermetallic compounds Structural analysis Diffusion welding Adapters Diffusion coefficient Literature reviews Titanium base alloys Internal pressure Steel pipes Titanium alloys Oxidation Shear strength X ray spectra Industrial applications Diffusion layers Welded joints Mechanical tests Stainless steel Methods Butt joints Conical bodies Austenitic stainless steels Friction welding
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Опис
Короткий огляд:	The object of this study is welded joints of AISI 321 and Ti-6Al-4V, obtained by diffusion welding on developed conical surfaces. The problem of creating bimetallic joints of AISI 321 and Ti-6Al-4V with developed conical contact surfaces, using diffusion welding through an intermediate Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper (Cu-ETP) copper layer, was solved. The joints were studied using micro-X-ray spectral analysis, microstructural analysis, and mechanical tests. High mutual diffusion of copper and titanium, along with increased concentrations of Cr and V in copper, was detected. The shear strength of the obtained welded joints is 250 MPa and 235 MPa at 30 min and 15 min, respectively, which is higher than the copper layer’s strength (180 MPa). The obtained results are explained by the dislocation diffusion mechanism in the volume of grains and beyond, due to thermal deformations during welding. Under operating conditions of internal pressure and cryogenic temperatures, the strength of the connection is ensured by the entire two-layer structure, and tightness is ensured by a vacuum-tight diffusion connection. The obtained strength of the connection (250 MPa) is sufficient under the specified operating conditions. Analysis of existing solutions in the literature review indicates that industrial application of technology for manufacturing bimetallic adapters from AISI 321 stainless steel and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is limited to butt joints with small geometric dimensions. Studies of the transition zone structure and diffusion processes in bimetallic joints with developed conical contact surfaces enabled determination of factors affecting joint structure and diffusion coefficients. The obtained bimetallic adapters, made of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and AISI 321 stainless steel, can be used to connect titanium high-pressure vessels with stainless steel pipelines.
ISSN:	1996-1944
DOI:	10.3390/ma18153596
Джерело:	Materials Science Database