High-Speed 1024-Pixel CMOS Electrochemical Imaging Sensor with 40,000 Frames per Second for Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide Imaging

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Publicado en:Electronics vol. 14, no. 16 (2025), p. 3207-3222
Autor principal: White, Kevin A
Otros Autores: Crocker, Matthew A, Kim, Brian N
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MDPI AG
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022 |a 2079-9292 
024 7 |a 10.3390/electronics14163207  |2 doi 
035 |a 3244012892 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 231458  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a White, Kevin A 
245 1 |a High-Speed 1024-Pixel CMOS Electrochemical Imaging Sensor with 40,000 Frames per Second for Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide Imaging 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Electrochemical sensing arrays enable the spatial study of dopamine levels throughout brain slices, the diffusion of electroactive molecules, as well as neurotransmitter secretion from single cells. The integration of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices in the development of electrochemical sensing devices enables large-scale parallel recordings, providing beneficial high-throughput for drug screening studies, brain–machine interfaces, and single-cell electrophysiology. In this paper, an electrochemical sensor capable of recording at 40,000 frames per second using a CMOS sensor array with 1024 electrochemical detectors and a custom field-programmable gate array data acquisition system is detailed. A total of 1024 on-chip electrodes are monolithically integrated onto the designed CMOS chip through post-CMOS fabrication. Each electrode is paired with a dedicated transimpedance amplifier, providing 1024 parallel electrochemical sensors for high-throughput studies. To support the level of data generated by the electrochemical device, a powerful data acquisition system is designed to operate the sensor array as well as digitize and transmit the output of the CMOS chip. Using the presented electrochemical sensing system, both dopamine and hydrogen peroxide diffusions across the sensor array are successfully recorded at 40,000 frames per second across the 32 × 32 electrochemical detector array. 
653 |a Universal Serial Bus 
653 |a Data acquisition 
653 |a Electrodes 
653 |a Semiconductors 
653 |a Hydrogen peroxide 
653 |a Disease 
653 |a Frames per second 
653 |a Signal processing 
653 |a Brain 
653 |a CMOS 
653 |a Field programmable gate arrays 
653 |a Data acquisition systems 
653 |a Oxidative stress 
653 |a Chemical sensors 
653 |a Frames (data processing) 
653 |a Dopamine 
653 |a Man-machine interfaces 
653 |a Sensors 
653 |a Electrophysiology 
653 |a Sensor arrays 
653 |a Design 
653 |a Digitization 
653 |a Arrays 
653 |a Portable computers 
653 |a Data transmission 
653 |a Parkinson's disease 
653 |a Interfaces 
700 1 |a Crocker, Matthew A 
700 1 |a Kim, Brian N 
773 0 |t Electronics  |g vol. 14, no. 16 (2025), p. 3207-3222 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3244012892/abstract/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3244012892/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3244012892/fulltextPDF/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch