MARC

LEADER 00000nab a2200000uu 4500
001 3244037838
003 UK-CbPIL
022 |a 2310-2861 
024 7 |a 10.3390/gels11080613  |2 doi 
035 |a 3244037838 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
100 1 |a Cid-Córdoba, Alma Yadira  |u Tecnológico Nacional de México/TES de San Felipe del Progreso, San Felipe del Progreso 50640, Mexico; yadiscica19@gmail.com (A.Y.C.-C.); rigoberto.bf@sfelipeprogreso.tecnm.mx (R.B.-F.) 
245 1 |a Encapsulation of <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> in Chia–Alginate Hydrogels for Whey-Based Functional Powders 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a This study aimed to develop a functional powder using whey and milk matrices, leveraging the protective capacity of chia–alginate hydrogels and the advantages of electrohydrodynamic spraying (EHDA), a non-thermal technique suitable for encapsulating probiotic cells under stress conditions commonly encountered in food processing. A hydrogel matrix composed of chia seed mucilage and sodium alginate was used to form a biopolymeric network that protected probiotic cells during processing. The encapsulation efficiency reached 99.0 ± 0.01%, and bacterial viability remained above 9.9 log10 CFU/mL after lyophilization, demonstrating the excellent protective capacity of the hydrogel matrix. Microstructural analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed well-retained cell morphology and homogeneous distribution within the hydrogel matrix while, in contrast, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed spherical, porous microcapsules with distinct surface characteristics influenced by the encapsulation method. Encapsulates were incorporated into beverages flavored with red fruits and pear and subsequently freeze-dried. The resulting powders were analyzed for moisture, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, fiber, and color determinations. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and response surface methodology, highlighting the impact of ingredient ratios on nutritional composition. Raman spectroscopy identified molecular features associated with casein, lactose, pectins, anthocyanins, and other functional compounds, confirming the contribution of both matrix and encapsulants maintaining the structural characteristics of the product. The presence of antioxidant bands supported the functional potential of the powder formulations. Chia–alginate hydrogels effectively encapsulated L. reuteri, maintaining cell viability and enabling their incorporation into freeze-dried beverage powders. This approach offers a promising strategy for the development of next-generation functional food gels with enhanced probiotic stability, nutritional properties, and potential application in health-promoting dairy systems. 
653 |a Whey 
653 |a Microstructural analysis 
653 |a Encapsulation 
653 |a Surface properties 
653 |a Food products 
653 |a Functional foods & nutraceuticals 
653 |a Electrohydrodynamics 
653 |a Dairy industry 
653 |a Protective coatings 
653 |a Formulations 
653 |a Response surface methodology 
653 |a Scanning microscopy 
653 |a Hydrogels 
653 |a Banded structure 
653 |a Raman spectroscopy 
653 |a Variance analysis 
653 |a Beverages 
653 |a Sodium alginate 
653 |a Efficiency 
653 |a Carbohydrates 
653 |a By products 
653 |a Freeze drying 
653 |a Spectrum analysis 
653 |a Probiotics 
653 |a Lactose 
653 |a Sodium 
653 |a Milk 
653 |a Microencapsulation 
653 |a Food processing 
653 |a Casein 
653 |a Spraying 
653 |a Lipids 
653 |a Enzymes 
653 |a Microorganisms 
653 |a Product development 
653 |a Anthocyanins 
700 1 |a Calderón-Domínguez, Georgina  |u Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; gcalderon@ipn.mx (G.C.-D.); fserranov2001@alumno.ipn.mx (F.S.S.-V.) 
700 1 |a Perea-Flores María de Jesús  |u Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; mpereaf@ipn.mx (M.d.J.P.-F.); apenab@ipn.mx (A.P.-B.) 
700 1 |a Peña-Barrientos, Alberto  |u Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; mpereaf@ipn.mx (M.d.J.P.-F.); apenab@ipn.mx (A.P.-B.) 
700 1 |a Serrano-Villa, Fátima Sarahi  |u Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; gcalderon@ipn.mx (G.C.-D.); fserranov2001@alumno.ipn.mx (F.S.S.-V.) 
700 1 |a Barrios-Francisco, Rigoberto  |u Tecnológico Nacional de México/TES de San Felipe del Progreso, San Felipe del Progreso 50640, Mexico; yadiscica19@gmail.com (A.Y.C.-C.); rigoberto.bf@sfelipeprogreso.tecnm.mx (R.B.-F.) 
700 1 |a González-Vázquez, Marcela  |u Instituto de Farmacología, Universidad de la Cañada, Carretera Teotitlan—San Antonio Nanahuatipan Km 1.7 s/n, Paraje Titlacuatitla, Teotitlan de Flores Magón, Oaxaca 68540, Mexico; marcelaglezvaz89@hotmail.com 
700 1 |a Rentería-Ortega, Minerva  |u Tecnológico Nacional de México/TES de San Felipe del Progreso, San Felipe del Progreso 50640, Mexico; yadiscica19@gmail.com (A.Y.C.-C.); rigoberto.bf@sfelipeprogreso.tecnm.mx (R.B.-F.) 
773 0 |t Gels  |g vol. 11, no. 8 (2025), p. 613-633 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Materials Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3244037838/abstract/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3244037838/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3244037838/fulltextPDF/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch