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Battery-Powered AGV Scheduling and Routing Optimization with Flexible Dual-Threshold Charging Strategy in Automated Container Terminals

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Udgivet i:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering vol. 13, no. 8 (2025), p. 1526-1553
Hovedforfatter: Guo Wenwen
Andre forfattere: Hu Huapeng, Sha Mei, Lian Jiarong, Yang Xiongfei
Udgivet:
MDPI AG
Fag:
Scheduling
Integer programming
Cranes
Collaboration
Peak periods
Optimization
Decision making
Charging
Peripheral nervous system
Literature reviews
Algorithms
Automation
Transport buildings, stations and terminals
Vessels
Automated guided vehicles
Strategic planning
Workloads
Energy consumption
Efficiency
Optimization models
Run time (computers)
Economic
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Resumen:Battery-powered automatic guided vehicles (B-AGVs) serve as crucial horizontal transportation equipment in terminals and significantly impact the terminal transportation efficiency. Imbalanced B-AGV availability during terminal peak and off-peak periods is driven by dynamic vessel arrivals. We propose a flexible dual-threshold charging (FDTC) strategy synchronized with vessel dynamics. Unlike the static threshold charging (STC) strategy, FDTC dynamically adjusts its charging thresholds based on terminal workload intensity. And we develop a collaborative B-AGV scheduling and routing optimization model incorporating FDTC. A tailored Dijkstra-Partition neighborhood search (Dijkstra-Pns) algorithm is designed to resolve the problem in alignment with practical scenarios. Compared to the STC strategy, FDTC strategy significantly reduces the maximum B-AGV running time and decreases conflict waiting delays and charging times by 25.04% and 24.41%, respectively. Moreover, FDTC slashes quay crane (QC) waiting time by 40.78%, substantially boosting overall terminal operational efficiency.
ISSN:2077-1312
DOI:10.3390/jmse13081526
Fuente:Engineering Database