MARC

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022 |a 1366-7289 
022 |a 1469-1841 
024 7 |a 10.1017/S1366728924000257  |2 doi 
035 |a 3248699594 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20250131 
084 |a 79004  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Lekhnath Sharma Pathak  |u Cognitive Science and Psycholinguistics Lab, Central Department of Linguistics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal; Center for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Language Acquisition and Language Processing Lab, Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway 
245 1 |a Trilingual parallel processing: Do the dominant languages grab all the attention? 
260 |b Cambridge University Press  |c Jan 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Twenty-five L1 Nepali speaking participants living in Trondheim, Norway who spoke English as L2 and Norwegian as L3 (late adult learners) participated in this study. Participants’ L2 proficiency was established as advanced in LexTALE. We administered language comprehension and production tasks in a trilingual design. In a mouse tracking trilingual parallel activation experiment, participants performed a language comprehension task in which they listened to the spoken word in their L1, L2 and L3 and clicked on the matching target picture. Mouse trajectories of their response pattern were recorded and analyzed. The language production task included a phonological and a semantic verbal fluency task (VFT), which also served as an executive control task. VFT showed their dominance in L1 and L2 compared to L3. This study contributes novel knowledge on trilingual parallel activation and suggests that in the presence of a non-dominant L3, a dominant L1 and a dominant L2 are processed faster than the non-dominant language in phonologically competing conditions. 
653 |a Language acquisition 
653 |a Comprehension 
653 |a Fluency 
653 |a Phonology 
653 |a Memory 
653 |a Nepali 
653 |a Bilingual education 
653 |a Cognitive ability 
653 |a Third language learning 
653 |a Speaking 
653 |a Semantics 
653 |a Language dominance 
653 |a Norwegian language 
653 |a Hypotheses 
653 |a Multilingualism 
653 |a Linguistics 
653 |a Bilingualism 
653 |a Adults 
653 |a Cultural heritage 
653 |a Production 
653 |a Executive control 
653 |a Parallel processing 
653 |a Languages 
653 |a Tracking 
653 |a Competence 
653 |a Language 
653 |a Dominance 
653 |a Generalization 
653 |a Language Research 
653 |a Interference (Language) 
653 |a Adult Learning 
653 |a Inhibition 
653 |a Cognitive Processes 
653 |a Academic Achievement 
653 |a Educational Technology 
653 |a Naming 
653 |a Monolingualism 
653 |a Linguistic Competence 
653 |a Child Development 
653 |a Language Processing 
653 |a Aging (Individuals) 
653 |a Cultural Awareness 
653 |a Migrant Children 
653 |a Cross Cultural Training 
653 |a Cognitive Development 
653 |a Grammar 
700 1 |a Vulchanova, Mila  |u Language Acquisition and Language Processing Lab, Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway 
700 1 |a Pathak, Poshak  |u Cognitive Science and Psycholinguistics Lab, Central Department of Linguistics, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal; College of Business and Social Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, USA 
700 1 |a Mishra, Ramesh Kumar  |u Center for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India 
773 0 |t Bilingualism  |g vol. 28, no. 1 (Jan 2025), p. 154 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Arts & Humanities Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3248699594/abstract/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3248699594/fulltext/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3248699594/fulltextPDF/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch