A Personalized 3D-Printed Smart Splint with Integrated Sensors and IoT-Based Control: A Proof-of-Concept Study for Distal Radius Fracture Management

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Wydane w:Electronics vol. 14, no. 17 (2025), p. 3542-3567
1. autor: Ma, Yufeng
Kolejni autorzy: Tang Haoran, Wang Baojian, Luo Jiashuo, Liu Xiliang
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MDPI AG
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024 7 |a 10.3390/electronics14173542  |2 doi 
035 |a 3249684565 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
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100 1 |a Ma, Yufeng  |u Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; c9842@bucm.edu.cn 
245 1 |a A Personalized 3D-Printed Smart Splint with Integrated Sensors and IoT-Based Control: A Proof-of-Concept Study for Distal Radius Fracture Management 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Conventional static fixation for distal radius fractures (DRF) is clinically challenging, with methods often leading to complications such as malunion and pressure-related injuries. These issues stem from uncontrolled pressure and a lack of real-time biomechanical feedback, resulting in suboptimal functional recovery. To overcome these limitations, we engineered an intelligent, adaptive orthopedic device. The system is built on a patient-specific, 3D-printed architecture for a lightweight, personalized fit. It embeds an array of thin-film pressure sensors at critical anatomical sites to continuously quantify biomechanical forces. This data is transmitted via an Internet of Things (IoT) module to a cloud platform, enabling real-time remote monitoring by clinicians. The core innovation is a closed-loop feedback controller governed by a robust Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic (IT2-FLC) algorithm. This system autonomously adjusts servo-driven straps to dynamically regulate fixation pressure, adapting to changes in limb swelling. In a preliminary clinical evaluation, the group receiving the integrated treatment protocol, which included the smart splint and TCM herbal therapy, demonstrated superior anatomical restoration and functional recovery, evidenced by higher Cooney scores (91.65 vs. 83.15) and lower VAS pain scores. This proof-of-concept study validates a new paradigm for adaptive orthopedic devices, showing high potential for clinical translation. 
653 |a Pressure sensors 
653 |a Internet of Things 
653 |a Closed reduction 
653 |a Bone surgery 
653 |a Fuzzy logic 
653 |a Traditional Chinese medicine 
653 |a Closed loops 
653 |a Recovery 
653 |a Remote monitoring 
653 |a Thin films 
653 |a Splints 
653 |a Three dimensional printing 
653 |a Feedback 
653 |a Compartment syndrome 
653 |a Customization 
653 |a Osteoporosis 
653 |a Straps 
653 |a Patients 
653 |a Biomechanics 
653 |a Fractures 
653 |a Pressure ulcers 
653 |a Trauma 
653 |a Sensors 
653 |a 3-D printers 
653 |a Pain 
653 |a Cost analysis 
653 |a Real time 
653 |a Feedback control 
653 |a Orthopedics 
700 1 |a Tang Haoran  |u College of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; thr21251907@emails.bjut.edu.cn (H.T.); luojiashuo6237@emails.bjut.edu.cn (J.L.) 
700 1 |a Wang Baojian  |u Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; c9842@bucm.edu.cn 
700 1 |a Luo Jiashuo  |u College of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; thr21251907@emails.bjut.edu.cn (H.T.); luojiashuo6237@emails.bjut.edu.cn (J.L.) 
700 1 |a Liu Xiliang  |u College of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; thr21251907@emails.bjut.edu.cn (H.T.); luojiashuo6237@emails.bjut.edu.cn (J.L.) 
773 0 |t Electronics  |g vol. 14, no. 17 (2025), p. 3542-3567 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3249684565/abstract/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3249684565/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3249684565/fulltextPDF/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch