School-Based Interventions for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Middle Schools: A Review of the Literature

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Pubblicato in:Education Sciences vol. 15, no. 9 (2025), p. 1225-1249
Autore principale: Kates, Maya S
Altri autori: LaFreniere, Lucas S
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MDPI AG
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100 1 |a Kates, Maya S 
245 1 |a School-Based Interventions for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Middle Schools: A Review of the Literature 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presents unique challenges for middle school students, a population navigating heightened academic, social, and emotional demands. This review examines empirical literature on school-based interventions targeting ADHD in middle school populations, a group often under-represented in intervention research. This review synthesizes findings from studies on academic accommodations, organizational training (e.g., HOPS), self-management strategies, mental health supports (e.g., CBT), and integrated programs like STAND and the Challenging Horizons Program. Evidence suggests that targeted school-based interventions can improve executive functioning, task engagement, academic performance, and social–emotional outcomes. However, interventions vary in efficacy depending on implementations’ fidelity, individual differences, and contextual supports (such as family involvement and school resources). Although promising, many interventions are limited by scalability, sustainability, and a lack of rigorous longitudinal data. This paper identifies critical gaps in middle school-specific research and highlights the need for future studies on long-term outcomes, student self-advocacy, and the reduction of stigma. Overall, this review underscores the potential of multi-component, school-based approaches to mitigate academic and behavioral challenges in middle school students with ADHD. We also call for expanded efforts to tailor and sustain these interventions in real-world educational settings. 
610 4 |a American Psychiatric Association 
653 |a Child development 
653 |a Behavior 
653 |a Students 
653 |a School environment 
653 |a Psychopathology 
653 |a Adolescence 
653 |a Longitudinal studies 
653 |a Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 
653 |a Hyperactivity 
653 |a Peers 
653 |a Time management 
653 |a Middle schools 
653 |a Executive function 
653 |a Childhood 
653 |a Depression (Psychology) 
653 |a Academic Failure 
653 |a Dropout Rate 
653 |a Adolescents 
653 |a Academic Achievement 
653 |a Individualized Programs 
653 |a Individualized Instruction 
653 |a Interpersonal Competence 
653 |a Graduation 
653 |a Failure 
653 |a Individualized Education Programs 
653 |a Feedback (Response) 
653 |a Adults 
653 |a Educational Objectives 
653 |a Expectation 
653 |a Grounded Theory 
653 |a Middle School Students 
653 |a Educational Environment 
653 |a Learner Engagement 
653 |a Behavior Problems 
653 |a Educational Facilities Improvement 
653 |a Coping 
700 1 |a LaFreniere, Lucas S 
773 0 |t Education Sciences  |g vol. 15, no. 9 (2025), p. 1225-1249 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Education Database 
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