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Real-Time Sequential Adaptive Bin Packing Based on Second-Order Dual Pointer Adversarial Network: A Symmetry-Driven Approach for Balanced Container Loading

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Publicado en:Symmetry vol. 17, no. 9 (2025), p. 1554-1580
Autor principal: Zhou Zibao
Otros Autores: Wang Enliang, Zhao Xuejian
Publicado:
MDPI AG
Materias:
Loading operations
Containers
Integer programming
Deep learning
Matching
Genetic algorithms
Optimization
Real time
Decision making
Load distribution (forces)
Symmetry
Industry 4.0
Packing problem
Sequences
Batch processing
Logistics
Time series
Heuristic
Efficiency
Acceso en línea:Citation/Abstract
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Resumen:Modern logistics operations require real-time adaptive solutions for three-dimensional bin packing that maintain spatial symmetry and load balance. This paper introduces a time-series-based online 3D packing problem with dual unknown sequences, where containers and items arrive dynamically. The challenge lies in achieving symmetric distribution for stability and optimal space utilization. We propose the Second-Order Dual Pointer Adversarial Network (So-DPAN), a deep reinforcement learning architecture that leverages symmetry principles to decompose spatiotemporal optimization into sequence matching and spatial arrangement sub-problems. The dual pointer mechanism enables efficient item-container pairing, while the second-order structure captures temporal dependencies by maintaining symmetric packing patterns. Our approach considers geometric symmetry for spatial arrangement and temporal symmetry for sequence matching. The Actor-Critic framework uses symmetry-based reward functions to guide learning toward balanced configurations. Experiments demonstrate that So-DPAN outperforms DQN, DDPG, and traditional heuristics in solution quality and efficiency while maintaining superior symmetry metrics in center-of-gravity positioning and load distribution. The algorithm exploits inherent symmetries in packing structure, advancing theoretical understanding through symmetry-aware optimization while providing a deployable framework for Industry 4.0 smart logistics.
ISSN:2073-8994
DOI:10.3390/sym17091554
Fuente:Engineering Database