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022 |a 1475-9276 
024 7 |a 10.1186/s12939-025-02604-1  |2 doi 
035 |a 3257231908 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 58405  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Sarabi, Neda 
245 1 |a Perceived inequality in women’s sports: a qualitative critical discourse analysis in the Iranian context 
260 |b Springer Nature B.V.  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Section BackgroundWomen around the world continue to face gender-based stereotypes in sports and physical activity. This study aimed to explore Iranian women’s perspectives and interpretations of gender inequality in the field of physical activity and women’s sports, using a critical discourse analysis approach.AbstractSection MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted using a critical discourse analysis approach. Twenty-five women from Kermanshah, Iran, were purposively selected in 2025. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The study utilized Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of critical discourse analysis encompassing textual analysis, discourse practice, and socio-cultural practice.AbstractSection ResultsParticipants identified four main themes contributing to gender inequality in women’s sports: (1) Power relations (politics, family structures, and economic factors); (2) Infrastructures (spaces, human resources, and equipment); (3) Cultural issues (gendered perspectives, dress codes, and safety concerns); and (4) Issues surrounding women’s sport (restrictions, media representation, and education). Most participants expressed opposition to gender-based discrimination and protested the dominance of men in women’s sports in Iran.AbstractSection ConclusionFindings reveal a profound awareness among women regarding gender disparities in sports. It is necessary for women to be placed in management and decision-making positions in Iranian sports to change the rules of the game in power relations. Additionally, cultural transformation, improved infrastructure, enhanced educational opportunities, and increased media coverage are critical to fostering equity in women’s sports. 
651 4 |a Iran 
653 |a Language 
653 |a Exercise 
653 |a Discourse analysis 
653 |a Physical activity 
653 |a Economic factors 
653 |a Sex discrimination 
653 |a Sociocultural factors 
653 |a Sports 
653 |a Sociopolitical factors 
653 |a Narratives 
653 |a Gender 
653 |a Content analysis 
653 |a Women 
653 |a Media coverage 
653 |a Stereotypes 
653 |a Critical theory 
653 |a Qualitative research 
653 |a Gender inequality 
653 |a Interviews 
653 |a Social structure 
653 |a Qualitative analysis 
653 |a Decision making 
653 |a Mass media effects 
653 |a Participation 
653 |a Text analysis 
653 |a Three dimensional models 
653 |a Educational opportunities 
653 |a Data collection 
653 |a Family power 
653 |a Inequality 
653 |a Mass media images 
653 |a Human resources 
653 |a Physical fitness 
653 |a Equipment 
653 |a Critical discourse analysis 
653 |a Infrastructure 
653 |a Political discourse 
653 |a Cultural factors 
653 |a Rules 
653 |a Education 
653 |a Gender stereotypes 
653 |a Transformation 
653 |a Textual analysis 
653 |a Power 
653 |a Dominance 
653 |a Safety equipment 
653 |a Social 
700 1 |a Shiri, Neda 
700 1 |a Khezeli, Mohsen 
700 1 |a Rajabi-Gilan, Nader 
700 1 |a Narimani, Sajjad 
700 1 |a Khezeli, Mehdi 
773 0 |t International Journal for Equity in Health  |g vol. 24 (2025), p. 1-12 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Health & Medical Collection 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3257231908/abstract/embedded/160PP4OP4BJVV2EV?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3257231908/fulltext/embedded/160PP4OP4BJVV2EV?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3257231908/fulltextPDF/embedded/160PP4OP4BJVV2EV?source=fedsrch