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022 |a 2196-7822 
024 7 |a 10.1186/s40594-025-00577-9  |2 doi 
035 |a 3263242415 
045 2 |b d20251201  |b d20251231 
084 |a 243237  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Lewalter, Doris  |u TUM Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (GRID:grid.6936.a) (ISNI:0000000123222966) 
245 1 |a Self-regulated STEM learning in museums—the role of learner characteristics and visit-related activities in school 
260 |b Springer Nature B.V.  |c Dec 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a BackgroundA significant challenge in school STEM education is making connections to real-life contexts beyond the school setting that are relevant and meaningful for students. Another important consideration is how out-of-school learning settings can be integrated to offer students a broad spectrum of self-regulated learning experiences across diverse contexts. Cooperation between in-school and out-of-school learning environments can foster mutual support of STEM learning, enhancing educational experiences within and beyond the classroom. In the present study, we conducted a questionnaire study using a pretest-posttest-follow-up design. We analyzed the predictive power of general learner characteristics influenced by the school environment and the integration of a museum visit into the classroom on the learning processes and learning effects of 409 10th-grade students.ResultsFindings indicate that students’ knowledge of metacognitive and motivational learning strategies significantly predicts learning process characteristics such as basic needs, perceived content relevance, and engagement. The intensity of this relationship decreases when prior individual interest is considered. Regarding medium-term learning effects three months after the museum visit, follow-up activities in the classroom and students’ knowledge of metacognitive and motivational learning strategies are predictive factors for self-perceived and objective knowledge, while individual interest is only predicted by prior individual interest.ConclusionsThe study highlights the close relationship between in-school and out-of-school STEM education. The key contribution of the study is to provide detailed insights into the different but interconnected facets of the relationship between STEM education in-school and out-of-school. It emphasizes that schools should equip learners for out-of-school learning by teaching them effective learning strategies to enhance the learning processes and outcomes of STEM museum visits. In addition, by shaping students’ prior knowledge and interest, schools contribute significantly to preparing learners for meaningful STEM experiences in out-of-school settings. Furthermore, it is important to follow up on the museum visits in the classroom to reinforce learning. 
653 |a Students 
653 |a Museums 
653 |a Knowledge acquisition 
653 |a Core curriculum 
653 |a Schools 
653 |a Cooperation 
653 |a Science education 
653 |a Education 
653 |a Learning by teaching 
653 |a Deep learning 
653 |a Mathematics education 
653 |a Knowledge management 
653 |a STEM education 
653 |a Technology education 
653 |a Motivation 
653 |a Educational objectives 
653 |a Classrooms 
653 |a Museum exhibits 
653 |a Learning 
653 |a Learning Activities 
653 |a Learning Motivation 
653 |a Psychological Needs 
653 |a Prior Learning 
653 |a Cognitive Processes 
653 |a Social Problems 
653 |a Exhibits 
653 |a Interpersonal Relationship 
653 |a Instructional Effectiveness 
653 |a Student Motivation 
653 |a Educational Environment 
653 |a Learner Engagement 
653 |a Self Determination 
653 |a Social 
653 |a Educational Resources 
653 |a Learning Strategies 
653 |a Learning Processes 
653 |a Learning Theories 
653 |a Learning Experience 
653 |a Motivation Techniques 
653 |a Outcomes of Education 
653 |a Opportunities 
653 |a Information Processing 
653 |a Self Motivation 
653 |a Educational Experience 
700 1 |a Neubauer, Katrin  |u TUM Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (GRID:grid.6936.a) (ISNI:0000000123222966) 
700 1 |a Moser, Stephanie  |u TUM Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany (GRID:grid.6936.a) (ISNI:0000000123222966) 
773 0 |t International Journal of STEM Education  |g vol. 12, no. 1 (Dec 2025), p. 56 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Agriculture Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3263242415/abstract/embedded/Q8Z64E4HU3OH5N8U?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3263242415/fulltext/embedded/Q8Z64E4HU3OH5N8U?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3263242415/fulltextPDF/embedded/Q8Z64E4HU3OH5N8U?source=fedsrch