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Advances in Magnesia–Dolomite Refractory Materials: Properties, Emerging Technologies, and Industrial Applications: A Review

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Published in:Technologies vol. 13, no. 11 (2025), p. 523-574
Main Author: Díaz-Tato Leonel
Other Authors: Iturralde Carrera Luis Angel, López-Perales, Jesús Fernando, Aviles, Marcos, Rodríguez-Castellanos, Edén Amaral, Rodríguez-Resendiz Juvenal
Published:
MDPI AG
Subjects:
Argon
Technological change
Decarburization
Plasma sintering
Optimization
Thermal resistance
Service life
Raw materials
Sintering (powder metallurgy)
Manufacturing
Corrosion resistance
Circular economy
Production costs
Hydration
Energy consumption
High temperature
Basic refractories
Linings
Electric arc furnaces
Slag
Carbon
Temperature
Sustainability
Titanium dioxide
Dolomite
Industrial applications
Cost analysis
Energy efficiency
Basic converters
Clinker
Refractory materials
Thermal shock
Reproducibility
New technology
Chromium
Steel making
Online Access:Citation/Abstract
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Abstract:Magnesia-dolomite refractories have emerged as sustainable alternatives to traditional carbon- or chromium-containing linings in steelmaking and cement industries. Their outstanding thermochemical stability, high refractoriness, and strong basic slag compatibility make them suitable for converters, electric arc furnaces (EAF), and argon–oxygen decarburization (AOD) units. However, their practical application has long been constrained by hydration and thermal shock sensitivity associated with free CaO and open porosity. Recent advances, including optimized raw material purity, fused co-clinker synthesis, nano-additive incorporation (TiO2, MgAl2O4 spinel, FeAl2O4), and improved sintering strategies, have significantly enhanced density, mechanical strength, and hydration resistance. Emerging technologies such as co-sintered magnesia–dolomite composites and additive-assisted microstructural tailoring have enabled superior corrosion resistance and extended service life. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of physicochemical mechanisms, processing routes, and industrial performance of magnesia–dolomite refractories, with special emphasis on their contribution to technological innovation, decarbonization, and circular economy strategies in high-temperature industries.
ISSN:2227-7080
DOI:10.3390/technologies13110523
Source:Materials Science Database