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024 7 |a 10.3390/technologies13110523  |2 doi 
035 |a 3275564653 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 231637  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Díaz-Tato Leonel  |u Programa Doctoral en Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Mexico; leonel.diazat@uanl.edu.mx (L.D.-T.); jlopezp@uanl.edu.mx (J.F.L.-P.) 
245 1 |a Advances in Magnesia–Dolomite Refractory Materials: Properties, Emerging Technologies, and Industrial Applications: A Review 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Magnesia-dolomite refractories have emerged as sustainable alternatives to traditional carbon- or chromium-containing linings in steelmaking and cement industries. Their outstanding thermochemical stability, high refractoriness, and strong basic slag compatibility make them suitable for converters, electric arc furnaces (EAF), and argon–oxygen decarburization (AOD) units. However, their practical application has long been constrained by hydration and thermal shock sensitivity associated with free CaO and open porosity. Recent advances, including optimized raw material purity, fused co-clinker synthesis, nano-additive incorporation (TiO2, MgAl2O4 spinel, FeAl2O4), and improved sintering strategies, have significantly enhanced density, mechanical strength, and hydration resistance. Emerging technologies such as co-sintered magnesia–dolomite composites and additive-assisted microstructural tailoring have enabled superior corrosion resistance and extended service life. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of physicochemical mechanisms, processing routes, and industrial performance of magnesia–dolomite refractories, with special emphasis on their contribution to technological innovation, decarbonization, and circular economy strategies in high-temperature industries. 
653 |a Argon 
653 |a Technological change 
653 |a Decarburization 
653 |a Plasma sintering 
653 |a Optimization 
653 |a Thermal resistance 
653 |a Service life 
653 |a Raw materials 
653 |a Sintering (powder metallurgy) 
653 |a Manufacturing 
653 |a Corrosion resistance 
653 |a Circular economy 
653 |a Production costs 
653 |a Hydration 
653 |a Energy consumption 
653 |a High temperature 
653 |a Basic refractories 
653 |a Linings 
653 |a Electric arc furnaces 
653 |a Slag 
653 |a Carbon 
653 |a Temperature 
653 |a Sustainability 
653 |a Titanium dioxide 
653 |a Dolomite 
653 |a Industrial applications 
653 |a Cost analysis 
653 |a Energy efficiency 
653 |a Basic converters 
653 |a Clinker 
653 |a Refractory materials 
653 |a Thermal shock 
653 |a Reproducibility 
653 |a New technology 
653 |a Chromium 
653 |a Steel making 
700 1 |a Iturralde Carrera Luis Angel  |u Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico; marcosaviles@ieee.org (M.A.); juvenal@uaq.edu.mx (J.R.-R.) 
700 1 |a López-Perales, Jesús Fernando  |u Programa Doctoral en Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Mexico; leonel.diazat@uanl.edu.mx (L.D.-T.); jlopezp@uanl.edu.mx (J.F.L.-P.) 
700 1 |a Aviles, Marcos  |u Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico; marcosaviles@ieee.org (M.A.); juvenal@uaq.edu.mx (J.R.-R.) 
700 1 |a Rodríguez-Castellanos, Edén Amaral  |u Programa Doctoral en Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66451, Mexico; leonel.diazat@uanl.edu.mx (L.D.-T.); jlopezp@uanl.edu.mx (J.F.L.-P.) 
700 1 |a Rodríguez-Resendiz Juvenal  |u Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico; marcosaviles@ieee.org (M.A.); juvenal@uaq.edu.mx (J.R.-R.) 
773 0 |t Technologies  |g vol. 13, no. 11 (2025), p. 523-574 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Materials Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3275564653/abstract/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch 
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856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3275564653/fulltextPDF/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch