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Molecular Survey and Genetic Characterization of Hop Stunt Viroid (HSVd) in Fruit Trees in Kazakhstan

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Veröffentlicht in:Viruses vol. 17, no. 12 (2025), p. 1547-1562
1. Verfasser: Nadirova, Leila T
Weitere Verfasser: Stanbekova, Gulshan E, Nizkorodova, Anna S, Kryldakov, Ruslan V, Iskakov, Bulat K, Zhigailov, Andrey V
Veröffentlicht:
MDPI AG
Schlagworte:
Russia
China
Kazakhstan
Turkistan
Trees
RNA polymerase
Phylogenetics
Sequence analysis
Secondary structure
Citrus fruits
Fruits
Cloning
Genomic analysis
Genomes
Surveys
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Protein structure
Nucleotide sequence
Fruit trees
Globalization
Stunt
Plant diseases
Viroids
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Abstract:Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) infects a variety of natural hosts, including fruit trees, leading to significant economic losses worldwide. This survey aimed to assess the incidence of HSVd in fruit trees in southern Kazakhstan. Out of 482 fruit trees examined, 28 (5.81%) were found to be infected with HSVd. The incidence was significantly higher in stone fruit trees (8.15%; 22/270) compared to pome fruit trees (2.82%; 6/212; p = 0.0133). Apricots had the highest infection rate at 12.66% (10/79), while pears had the lowest rate at 2.08% (1/48). Fifteen of the identified viroids were cloned for full-genome sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed a high percentage of nucleotide sequence similarity (99–100%) among the Kazakhstani HSVd isolates, suggesting a possible unique origin for the infection. We also identified several SNPs of HSVd that have not been previously documented. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Kazakhstani HSVd variants clustered together in a separate group, distinct from the five known groups of HSVd. This potentially new group displayed differences in its predicted secondary structure compared to other viroid groups. These findings emphasize the need for the development of effective control measures for HSVd and other viroids affecting fruit trees.
ISSN:1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v17121547
Quelle:Health & Medical Collection