Fundamentals and Functional Applications of 3D and 4D Printing in Food Manufacturing
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| Publicat a: | Processes vol. 13, no. 12 (2025), p. 4043-4067 |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Altres autors: | , , |
| Publicat: |
MDPI AG
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| Matèries: | |
| Accés en línia: | Citation/Abstract Full Text + Graphics Full Text - PDF |
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| Resum: | This review analyzes the critical interdependence among the three key components—ink formulation, printing process parameters, and post-processing—in Three-dimensional (3D) Food Printing (3DFP) and Four-dimensional (4D) Food Printing (4DFP). While extensive research addresses individual phases, a significant opportunity remains to integrate these three pillars systematically to bridge the gap between initial design and final product viability. The analysis reveals that successful 3D printing demands a formulation optimized to resist thermal and mechanical stresses; thus, printability assessments must be extended to include post-processing stability. Conversely, 4D printing intentionally exploits this relationship, utilizing post-processing (e.g., heat or pH) as a strategic trigger to activate programmed deformation. Joint optimization of formulation, printed food microstructure, and final post-processing stages is necessary to produce foods with the desired final quality. |
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| ISSN: | 2227-9717 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/pr13124043 |
| Font: | Materials Science Database |