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Sodium Alginate Modifications: A Critical Review of Current Strategies and Emerging Applications

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Publicado en:Foods vol. 14, no. 22 (2025), p. 3931-3972
Autor principal: Wang, Wenning
Otros Autores: Huang, Yuanyuan, Pan, Yun, Dabbour Mokhtar, Dai Chunhua, Zhou, Man, He Ronghai
Publicado:
MDPI AG
Materias:
Food & Drug Administration > FDA
Polysaccharides
Food
Biological materials
Environmental engineering
Alginic acid
Food packaging
Ultrasonic processing
Graft copolymers
Environmental cleanup
Esterification
Sulfation
Oxidation
Tissue engineering
Crosslinking
Sodium alginate
Polymers
Physicochemical properties
Degradability
Sodium
Viscosity
Algae
Color removal
Solvents
Food processing
Heavy metals
Drug delivery systems
Molecular weight
Biocompatibility
Molecular structure
Copolymerization
Ultrasonic imaging
Hydrogels
Irradiation
Phenolic compounds
Acceso en línea:Citation/Abstract
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Resumen:Sodium alginate, a natural anionic polysaccharide, exhibits broad potential applications in food, biomedicine, and environmental engineering due to its favorable biocompatibility, degradability, and functional tunability. This review systematically summarizes its chemical structure, physicochemical characteristics, sources, and extraction methods. It also focused on modification strategies, including chemical approaches (e.g., esterification, oxidation, sulfation, graft copolymerization), physical methods (composite modification, irradiation cross-linking, ultrasound treatment), and biological (e.g., enzyme regulation), and elucidated their underlying mechanisms. In the context of food science, special emphasis is placed on food-compatible chemistries and mild modification routes (such as phenolic crosslinking, enzyme-assisted coupling, and other green reactions) that enable the development of edible films, coatings, and functional carriers, while distinguishing these from non-food-oriented chemical strategies. The review further highlights novel applications of modified sodium alginate in areas including food packaging, functional delivery systems, drug release, tissue engineering, and environmental remediation (heavy metal and dye removal). Overall, this work provides a comprehensive perspective linking modification pathways to food-relevant applications and clarifies how chemical tailoring of alginate contributes to the design of safe, sustainable, and high-performance bio-based materials.
ISSN:2304-8158
DOI:10.3390/foods14223931
Fuente:Agriculture Science Database